Photodynamic Therapy – The Pragmatic Paradigm
Photodynamic Therapy – The Pragmatic Paradigm
Keywords:
PDT, Singlet Oxygen, Photosensitizer, Implantology, Peri-implantitis, OsseointegrationAbstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), also known as photo-radiation therapy, phototherapy, or photo-chemotherapy, involves the use of a photoactive dye (photosensitizer) that is activated by exposure to light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen. The transfer of energy from the activated photosensitizer to available oxygen results in the formation of toxic oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen and free radicals which damages proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other cellular components.PDT has wide range of applications in Dentistry ranging from antimicrobial chemotherapy to the diagnosis & treatment of premalignant and malignant conditions. Its application in Periodontics represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of oral biofilms with consequent alterations in plaque homeostasis. An improved post surgical healing with reduced periodontal inflammation and tissue damage are the hallmarks of PDT. Its scope has been extended in Implantology to promote osseointegration and to prevent peri-implantitis. With such myriad of applications PDT has a promising future depending on the interactions between clinical applications and technological innovations. The paper appraises the various scopes that PDT envisages beyond the horizon. [ Shreedhar A NJIRM 2014; 5(4) :72-81]
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3. von Tappeiner H. Zur kenntnis der lichtwirkenden (fluoreszierenden) Stoffe. Dtsch Med Wochen 1904: 1: 579–580.
4. Von Tappeiner H, Jodlbauer A. On the effect of photodynamic (fluorescent) substances on protozoa and enzymes (in German). Deutsch Arch Klin Medizin 1904;39:427-87.
5. Wilson M. Photolysis of oral bacteria and its potential use in the treatment of caries and
periodontal disease. J Appl Bacteriol 1993: 75: 299–306.
6. Allison RR, Baganto VS, Cuenca R, Downie GH, Sibata CH. The future of photodynamic therapy in oncology. Future Oncol 2006;2:53–71.
7. Sharwani A, Jerjes W, Salih V, MacRobert AJ, El-Maaytah M, Khalil HSM, et al.. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in detecting oral premalignancy. J Photochem Photobiol B 2006: 83; 27-33.
8. K. Konopka and T. Goslinski. Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry. J Dent Res 2007;2:694-707,
9. Jori G. Photodynamic therapy of microbial infections: State of the art and perspectives. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2006;25:505-20.
10. Ochsner M. Photophysical and photobiological processes in the photodynamic therapy of tumours. J Photochem Photobiol B 1997: 39: 1–18
11. Chabrier-Rosello´ Y, Foster TH, Perez-Nazario N, Mitra S, Haidaris CG. Sensitivity of Candida albicans germ tubes and biofilms to photofrin-mediated phototoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005: 49: 4288–4295.
12. Featherstone JDB. The continuum of dental caries – evidence for a dynamic disease process. J Dent Res 2004: 83C:C39–C42.
13. Wilson M. Lethal photosensitisation of oral bacteria and its potential application in the photodynamic therapy of oral infections. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004: 3: 412–418.
14. Bevilacqua IM, Nicolau RA, Khouri S, Brugnera A Jr,Teodoro GR, Zangaro RA, Pacheco MT. The impact of photodynamic therapy on the viability of Streptococcus mutans in a planktonic culture. Photomed Laser Surg 2007:25: 513–518.
15. Burns T, Wilson M, Pearson GJ. Sensitisation of cariogenic bacteria to killing by light from a helium-neon laser. J Med Microbiol 1993: 38: 401–405.
16. Burns T, Wilson M, Pearson GJ. Killing of cariogenic bacteria by light from a gallium aluminium arsenide diode laser. J Dent 1994: 22: 273–278.
17. Williams JA, Pearson GJ, Colles MJ, Wilson M. The effect of variable energy input from a novel light source on the photoactivatedbactericidal action of toluidine blue O on Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 2003: 37: 190–193.
18. Giusti JS, Santos-Pinto L, Pizzolito AC, Helmerson K, Carvalho-Filho E, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Antimicrobial photodynamic action on dentin using a light-emitting diode light source. Photomed Laser Surg 2008: 26: 281–287.
19. Zanin IC, Goncalves RB, Junior AB, Hope CK, Pratten J. Susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans biofilms to photodynamic therapy: an in vitro study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005: 56: 324–330.
20. Zanin IC, Lobo MM, Rodrigues LK, Pimenta LA, Hofling JF, Goncalves RB. Photosensitization of in vitro biofilms by toluidine blue O combined with a light-emitting diode. Eur J Oral Sci 2006: 114: 64–69.
21. Paulino TP, Ribeiro KF, Thedei G Jr, Tedesco AC, Ciancaglini P. Use of hand held photopolymerizer to photoinactivate Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2005: 50: 353–359.
22. Burns T, Wilson M, Pearson GJ. Effect of dentine and collagen on the lethal photosensitization of Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 1995: 29: 192–197.
23. Wilson M, Burns T, Pratten J. Killing of Streptococcus sanguis in biofilms using a light-activated antimicrobial agent. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996: 37: 377–381.
24. Wilson M, Burns T, Pratten J, Pearson GJ. Bacteria in supragingival plaque samples can be killed by low-power laser light in the presence of a photosensitizer. J Appl Bacteriol 1995: 78: 569–574.
25. Metcalf D, Robinson C, Devine D, Wood S. Enhancement of erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by light fractionation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006: 58: 190–192.
26. Wood S, Metcalf D, Devine D, Robinson C. Erythrosine is a potential photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of oral plaque biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006: 57:680–684.
27. Ramage G, Tomsett K, Wickes BL, Lopez-Ribot JL, Redding SW. Denture stomatitis: a role for
Candida biofilms. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004: 98:53–59.
28. Jarvensivu A, Hietanen J, Rautemaa R, Sorsa T, Richardson M. Candida yeasts in chronic periodontitis tissues and subgingival microbial biofilms in vivo. Oral Dis 2004: 10: 106–112
29. Kojic EM, Darouiche RO. Candida infections of medical devices. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004: 17: 255–267.
30. Jabra-Rizk MA, Falkler WA, Meiller TF. Fungal biofilms and drug resistance. Emerg Infect Dis 2004: 10: 14–19.
31. Bliss JM, Bigelow CE, Foster TH, Haidaris CG. Susceptibility of Candida species to photodynamic effects of photofrin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004: 48: 2000–2006.
32. Cormick MP, Alvarez MG, Rovera M, Durantini EN. Photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans sensitized by tri- and tetra-cationic porphyrin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2009: 44: 1592–1599.
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2018-01-04
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Sarkar, I., Sreedhar, A., R, P., pai, J., Malagi, S., B, R., & Kamath, V. (2018). Photodynamic Therapy – The Pragmatic Paradigm: Photodynamic Therapy – The Pragmatic Paradigm. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 5(4), 73–82. Retrieved from http://www.nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/772
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