Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Dental Practitioners of Bareilly City – A Cross sectional Study
Empathy And Emotional Intelligence In Dental Practitioners Of Bareilly City – A Cross Sectional Study
Keywords:
Dental practitioners, Emotional intelligence, Empathy, Health Professional version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, Schutte’s Emotional Intelligence ScaleAbstract
Background & objectives: Empathy and Emotional Intelligence are the two affective domain parameters which significantly affect a doctor’s way of treating patients; hence they may influence the doctor-patient relationship. Establishing a proper doctor-patient relationship has a great impact on professional success of the doctor. Thus, the present study was aimed to assess whether there is any association between empathy of dental practitioners towards their patients and the dental practitioners’ emotional intelligence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 243 dental practitioners including clinicians, academicians and post-graduate students from Bareilly city who were instructed to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the Health Professional (HP) version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) and the Schutte’s Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS). Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to test the statistical significance of the observations. Results: A positive correlation was found between empathy and emotional intelligence. The correlation was significant p=0.05, even after adjusting for the confounders and the regression model showed significance with r value of 0.12 Interpretation & Conclusion: Empathetic dentists were found to have higher emotional intelligence. Irrespective of variations in age, gender, qualification, occupation and years of working experience, empathy and emotional intelligence showed positive correlation. [Gupta A NJIRM 2016; 7(4):106-112]
References
1. Di Blasi Z, Harkness E, Ernst E, Georgiou A, Kleijnen J. Influence of context effects on health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2001; 357(9258):757-62.
2. Eisenberg N, Fabes RA. Empathy: Conceptualization, measurement, and relation to prosocial behaviour. Motivation and emotion 1990; 14(2):131-149.
3. Scott, Helen. 2011. Empathy in healthcare settings. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London. [Thesis]: Goldsmiths Research Online. Available at: http://research.gold.ac.uk/6704/
4. Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of Changes in Empathy During Dental School. J Dent Educ March 2005; 69(3):338-345.
5. Sierant A, Rozmus H, Bereziewicz E, Bereziewicz W. Comparison of emotional intelligence level (EQ) of dental students at Jagiellonian University Medical College and students of other faculties in Cracow. J Stoma 2013; 66(1):54-63.
6. Beattie A, Durham J, Harvey J, Steele J, McHanwell S. Does empathy change in first-year dental students? Eur J Dent Educ 2012; 16: e111–e116.
7. Jonker CS, Vosloo C. The psychometric properties of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology; 34(2):21–30.
8. Di Lillo M, Cicchetti A, Lo Scalzo A, Taroni F, Hojat M. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Preliminary Psychometrics and Group Comparisons in Italian Physicians. Acad Med 2009; 84(9):1198-1202.
9. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Cohen MJM, Gonnella JS, Erdmann JB et al. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2001; 61(2):349-365.
10. Rastegar M, Razmi MH, Ghavam MM. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Empathy among Iranian Teachers of the Institute of English as a Foreign Language. International Journal of Psychology 2011; 5(1):35-50.
11. Schutte NS, Malouff JM, Hall LE, Haggerty DJ, Cooper JT, Golden CJ et al. Development and validation of a measure of emotional Intelligence.Personality and Individual Differences 1998; 25:167-177.
12. Nagle YK, Anand K. Empathy and personality traits as predictors of adjustment in Indian youth. Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2012; 21(2):125-129.
13. Zinn W. The empathetic physician. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:306-312.
14. Ioannidou F and Konstantikaki V. Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: What is it really about? International Journal of Caring Sciences 2008; 1(3):118-123.
15. Mestre MV, Samper P, Frias MD, Tur AM. Are women more empathetic than men ? A longitudinal study in adolescence. Span J of Psychol 2009; 12:76-83.
16. Pembroke NF. Empathy, Emotion, and Ekstasis in the Patient-Physician Relationship. Journal of Religion and Health 2007; 2: 287-298.
17. Shah M, Thingujam NS. Perceived Emotional Intelligence and Ways of Coping among Students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 2008; 34(1):83-91.
18. Imran N, Aftab MA, Haider II, Farhat A. Educating tomorrow’s doctors: A cross sectional survey of emotional intelligence and empathy in medical students of Lahore. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29(3):710-714.
19. Ciarrochi J, Chan AYC, Bajgar J. Measuring Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences 2001; 31:1105-1119.
20. Baig QA. Emotional Intelligence and Dental Undergraduates. Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 2013; 33(2):367-369.
21. Fields SK, Mahan P, Tillman P, Harris J, Maxwell K, Hojat M. Measuring empathy in healthcare profession students using the Jefferson scale of Physician Empathy: Health provider – student version. Journal of Interprofessional Care 2011; 25:287-293.
22. Berg K, Majdan JF, Berq D, Veloski J, Hojat M. Medical student’s Self-reported Empathy and Simulated Patient’s Assessments of Student Empathy: An analysis by gender and ethnicity. Acad Med 2011; 86(8):984-988.
23. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, Isenberg GA et al. The Devil is in the Third Year: A Longitudinal Study of Erosion of Empathy in Medical School. Acad Med 2009; 84(9):1182-1191.
24. Faye A, Kalra G, Swamy R, Shukla A, Subramanyam A, Kamath R. Study of emotional intelligence and
empathy in medical postgraduates. Indian J Psychiatry 2011; 53(2):140-144.
25. Fjortoft N, Winkle LJV, Hojat M. Measuring Empathy in Pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ 2011; 75(6):1-5.
26. Bangash AS, Ali NF, Shehzad AH, Haqqi S. Maintenance of empathy levels among first and final year medical students: a cross sectional study.[v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/1bs] F1000Research 2013; 2:157.
27. Venkatappa KG, Shetty SC, Sparshadeep EM, Parakandy SG, Das SK. Gender differences in Emotional Intelligence among first year medical students. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2012; 1(6):1251-1257.
28. Babar MG, Omar H, Lim LP, Khan SA, Mitha S, Ahmad SFB et al. An assessment of dental students’ empathy levels in Malaysia. Int J Med Educ. 2013; 4:223-229.
29. Bhaskar DJ, Aruna DS, Rajesh G, Suganna M, Suvarna M. Emotional intelligence of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry postgraduate students in India. European J Dent Educ 2013; 17(1):e5-e9.
30. Weng HC, Steed JF, Yu SW, Liu YT, Hsu CC, Yu TJ et al. The effect of surgeon empathy and emotional intelligence on patient satisfaction. Adv in Health Sci Educ 2011; 16:591-600.
31. Rutter DR, Iconomou G, Quine Lyn. Doctor-patient communication and outcome in cancer patients: an intervention. Psychol Health 1996; 12(1):57-71.
32. Wright EB, Holcombe C. Salmon P. Doctor’s communication of trust, care and respect in breast cancer: qualitative study. BMJ 2004; 328:864.
2. Eisenberg N, Fabes RA. Empathy: Conceptualization, measurement, and relation to prosocial behaviour. Motivation and emotion 1990; 14(2):131-149.
3. Scott, Helen. 2011. Empathy in healthcare settings. Doctoral thesis, Goldsmiths, University of London. [Thesis]: Goldsmiths Research Online. Available at: http://research.gold.ac.uk/6704/
4. Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of Changes in Empathy During Dental School. J Dent Educ March 2005; 69(3):338-345.
5. Sierant A, Rozmus H, Bereziewicz E, Bereziewicz W. Comparison of emotional intelligence level (EQ) of dental students at Jagiellonian University Medical College and students of other faculties in Cracow. J Stoma 2013; 66(1):54-63.
6. Beattie A, Durham J, Harvey J, Steele J, McHanwell S. Does empathy change in first-year dental students? Eur J Dent Educ 2012; 16: e111–e116.
7. Jonker CS, Vosloo C. The psychometric properties of the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology; 34(2):21–30.
8. Di Lillo M, Cicchetti A, Lo Scalzo A, Taroni F, Hojat M. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Preliminary Psychometrics and Group Comparisons in Italian Physicians. Acad Med 2009; 84(9):1198-1202.
9. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, Cohen MJM, Gonnella JS, Erdmann JB et al. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2001; 61(2):349-365.
10. Rastegar M, Razmi MH, Ghavam MM. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Empathy among Iranian Teachers of the Institute of English as a Foreign Language. International Journal of Psychology 2011; 5(1):35-50.
11. Schutte NS, Malouff JM, Hall LE, Haggerty DJ, Cooper JT, Golden CJ et al. Development and validation of a measure of emotional Intelligence.Personality and Individual Differences 1998; 25:167-177.
12. Nagle YK, Anand K. Empathy and personality traits as predictors of adjustment in Indian youth. Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2012; 21(2):125-129.
13. Zinn W. The empathetic physician. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153:306-312.
14. Ioannidou F and Konstantikaki V. Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: What is it really about? International Journal of Caring Sciences 2008; 1(3):118-123.
15. Mestre MV, Samper P, Frias MD, Tur AM. Are women more empathetic than men ? A longitudinal study in adolescence. Span J of Psychol 2009; 12:76-83.
16. Pembroke NF. Empathy, Emotion, and Ekstasis in the Patient-Physician Relationship. Journal of Religion and Health 2007; 2: 287-298.
17. Shah M, Thingujam NS. Perceived Emotional Intelligence and Ways of Coping among Students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 2008; 34(1):83-91.
18. Imran N, Aftab MA, Haider II, Farhat A. Educating tomorrow’s doctors: A cross sectional survey of emotional intelligence and empathy in medical students of Lahore. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29(3):710-714.
19. Ciarrochi J, Chan AYC, Bajgar J. Measuring Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences 2001; 31:1105-1119.
20. Baig QA. Emotional Intelligence and Dental Undergraduates. Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal 2013; 33(2):367-369.
21. Fields SK, Mahan P, Tillman P, Harris J, Maxwell K, Hojat M. Measuring empathy in healthcare profession students using the Jefferson scale of Physician Empathy: Health provider – student version. Journal of Interprofessional Care 2011; 25:287-293.
22. Berg K, Majdan JF, Berq D, Veloski J, Hojat M. Medical student’s Self-reported Empathy and Simulated Patient’s Assessments of Student Empathy: An analysis by gender and ethnicity. Acad Med 2011; 86(8):984-988.
23. Hojat M, Vergare MJ, Maxwell K, Brainard G, Herrine SK, Isenberg GA et al. The Devil is in the Third Year: A Longitudinal Study of Erosion of Empathy in Medical School. Acad Med 2009; 84(9):1182-1191.
24. Faye A, Kalra G, Swamy R, Shukla A, Subramanyam A, Kamath R. Study of emotional intelligence and
empathy in medical postgraduates. Indian J Psychiatry 2011; 53(2):140-144.
25. Fjortoft N, Winkle LJV, Hojat M. Measuring Empathy in Pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ 2011; 75(6):1-5.
26. Bangash AS, Ali NF, Shehzad AH, Haqqi S. Maintenance of empathy levels among first and final year medical students: a cross sectional study.[v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/1bs] F1000Research 2013; 2:157.
27. Venkatappa KG, Shetty SC, Sparshadeep EM, Parakandy SG, Das SK. Gender differences in Emotional Intelligence among first year medical students. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2012; 1(6):1251-1257.
28. Babar MG, Omar H, Lim LP, Khan SA, Mitha S, Ahmad SFB et al. An assessment of dental students’ empathy levels in Malaysia. Int J Med Educ. 2013; 4:223-229.
29. Bhaskar DJ, Aruna DS, Rajesh G, Suganna M, Suvarna M. Emotional intelligence of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry postgraduate students in India. European J Dent Educ 2013; 17(1):e5-e9.
30. Weng HC, Steed JF, Yu SW, Liu YT, Hsu CC, Yu TJ et al. The effect of surgeon empathy and emotional intelligence on patient satisfaction. Adv in Health Sci Educ 2011; 16:591-600.
31. Rutter DR, Iconomou G, Quine Lyn. Doctor-patient communication and outcome in cancer patients: an intervention. Psychol Health 1996; 12(1):57-71.
32. Wright EB, Holcombe C. Salmon P. Doctor’s communication of trust, care and respect in breast cancer: qualitative study. BMJ 2004; 328:864.
Downloads
Published
2018-01-23
How to Cite
Anushka, G., & Nagesh, L. (2018). Empathy and Emotional Intelligence in Dental Practitioners of Bareilly City – A Cross sectional Study: Empathy And Emotional Intelligence In Dental Practitioners Of Bareilly City – A Cross Sectional Study. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 7(4), 106–112. Retrieved from http://www.nicpd.ac.in/ojs-/index.php/njirm/article/view/1115
Issue
Section
Original Articles
