Laws, Policies, and Evidence on the Quality of Life of Senior Citizens in Kathmandu Metropolitan City

Abstract

ntroduction

The global aging trend is accelerating, making the quality of life (QoL) among elderly populations a critical concern.

Understanding the physical, social, psychological, and environmental dimensions of QoL is essential, particularly as

life expectancy increases. This study examines the QoL of senior citizens in Kathmandu Metropolitan City and

evaluates the legal frameworks and policies that shape their well-being.

Methods

A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed alongside document review. A total of 206 elderly

participants from Ward Nos. 9 and 12 of Kathmandu Metropolitan City were surveyed using standardized QoL

assessment tools. Additionally, relevant laws, policies, directives, and programs concerning senior citizens were

systematically reviewed.

Results

The findings indicate that most senior citizens in the sample reported good QoL. However, 14–18% of participants

exhibited poor QoL across Physical Health, Psychological Well-being, Social Relationships, and Environment

domains. Key predictors of QoL included gender, age, educational attainment, and existing health conditions.

Significant positive correlations were observed among the four QoL domains, overall QoL, and health satisfaction.

Conclusion

While Kathmandu Metropolitan City has demonstrated a commitment to elderly welfare through policy

frameworks, notable gaps persist. Strengthening qualitative approaches, adopting a well-being-centered

framework, and enhancing geriatric healthcare capacity are crucial for improving senior citizens' QoL.